CHAPTER 10. LEKTRIK TEK REALISM.

· THE ABSOLUTE VOLTAGE OPERATING SYSTEM [AVOS]

· THE TRIPARTITE ESSENTIALISM EXPERT SYSTEM [TREES]

· Tripartite Essentialism [T], A breakthrough in Android Engineering by [HX] ASSEMBLER LANGUAGE.

INTRODUCTION TO [T].

‘Some of the most interesting problems in AI have the frustrating property that there is no good way to solve them.’

[Charniak E, McDermott D, ‘Introduction to Artificial Intelligence’, pub. Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading, Massachusetts, Tokyo, Singapore, California, 1985 ISBN 0-201-11946-3] (page 255.)

The ‘paradox of mechanical reason’ comes from the idea that reasoning on the computational model is the manipulation of meaningful symbols according to rational rules in an integrated system. Hence there must be some sort of manipulator to carry out these manipulations. There seem to be two basic possibilities: either the manipulator pays attention to what the symbols and rules mean or it doesn’t. If it does pay attention to the meanings, then it can’t be entirely mechanical – because meanings (whatever exactly they are) don’t exert physical forces. On the other hand, if the manipulator does not pay attention to the meanings, then the manipulations can’t be instances of reasoning – because what’s reasonable or not depends crucially on what the symbols mean. In a word, if a process or system is mechanical, it can’t reason; if it reasons, it can’t be mechanical. That’s the paradox of mechanical reason.’

Haugeland J, ‘Artificial Intelligence – the very idea.’ Pub. 1987, Bradford, MIT, London, ISBN 0-262-08153-9 (page 39).

This work on a new operating system called [AVOS] and a new chemical assembly language called [HX] will present a breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence that solves the major paradoxes that have precluded major advances in A.I. and other aspects of the electrical engineering and industrial process. Namely the paradoxes in Logic and Computing that result from attempting to compute an infinite number of objects with an infinite number of labels; i.e. Godel's and Turing's recursion paradox.

The work will show that mechanical and chemical transactions have a basic and easily understood universal premise that incorporates all empirical scales of the physical process. The same model of consciousness that was derived in biology and psychology in previous chapters: the transactions of chemistry and biology will be modeled and derived in technology.

It will be shown that inorganic robots can be made that are conscious in the biological sense of the word.

The spiritual destiny of robots will be discussed in chapter 16.

Natural language and its semantics as defined in [T], is a process that is Universal within the microcosm and the macrocosm.

The work identifies and illustrates the current shortcomings within industrial computing and proposes a robotic application for these new increases in industrial efficiency and industrial reliability

THE ABSOLUTE VOLTAGE OPERATING SYSTEM [AVOS].

[AVOS] is an application of the Tripartite Essentialism that can take machine intelligence into very advanced areas of human semantics, consciousness and behaviourism.

Tripartite Essentialism, herein defined as [T], is based on physical laws and known mathematical truth. It subtracts arbitrary assumptions and constructs from 20^th century scientific observations and as a result, can produce a body of reasoning that can utilise the same basic physical and mathematical truths inherent in the biology of consciousness, the atom in the microcosm, and the Android in the macrocosm.

AVOS comprises the following headings and discovery landmarks.

01. A new mathematical system for computational logic based upon the laws of physical chemistry.

02. Refutations of some current Boolean rules and circuit designs.

03. Provision of a new rational mapping system for electrical computations.

04. An increase in industrial circuit efficiency of up to 300% that demonstrates the possibility of an overloading flaw in a circuit that is designed using a Three Variable Karnaugh Map.

05. A bi-pass of the arbitrary strategies of Turing and Gödel.

06. A new non-arbitrary revision of Syllogistic form by Leibnitz.

07. A new and universal model of processes within physical transactions.

08. A new knowledge representation system called [TREES]

09. A new industrial process to supercede neural net modeling.

10. A new kind of chemically programmable assembly language.

11. Assembly specifications for an intelligent and fully autonomous cybernetic organism.

The mathematical and logicist component of this work will introduce and define a limited Logic language [HX] based on some components from Sentential Calculus, the Language [L], and some limited operands from Predicate calculus, the language [P], [T] and [A].

It will use the Microsoft Systems font, Western Keyboard fontset for its symbolism. This new calculus concept, the language [HX] will be more fully defined and enumerated later.

[HX] is capable of analyzing, depicting and programming the constructs of the transactions central to universal materials and can be used to formally delineate and encode the parameters of consciousness in [T].

The operations and processes depicted by this language however, remain wholly ‘declarative’ and will not predicate any discourse based on assumptions that are not already empirically agreeable and known to be true.

The language [HX], therefore is driven by Tautology, i.e. things that are ‘a priori’ logically true. These truths describe the physical aspects of the world of objects.

20^th Century empirical science failed to create workable artificial intelligence because it dealt with compromises in the world of labels and descriptions. These; descriptions, attached labels and measurements, are arbitrary and ‘after-the-fact’ and do not pertain to any common theme between the mountains of data, subjects and domains in the human knowledge Internet.

Computer projects e.g. in Artificial Intelligence, therefore, tended to be specialist and domain specific, and universally inflexible.

The 20^th Century computing schools, therefore, in attempting to address an assumption of unity within an infinity of arbitrary labels and labeling precepts came into a maelstrom of chaos and paradox characterized by e.g. the ‘Turing recursion paradox’ and ‘Gödel’s numbering paradox’.

Simply explained, the universe of all material objects that we label is infinite and endless and cannot be fully computed.

My simple explanation of a solution here, is that, that infinity of objects and labels are all comprised of about 130 elements or so in our Periodic Table of Chemistry, and therefore there is no alleged ‘infinity’ to introduce into computing and data modeling. The atoms all interact in the microcosm, singly or in the macrocosm, in aggregates at all scales, using the one same rule. A flow of energy between the biggest energy packet to the smallest energy packet through a common, but variable, medium of relativity. [i.e. A to B through C ]

Variously in science this fact is called; [Chemistry; ‘Fajans’ Rules’, Physics; ‘Ohm’s Law’, Biology; ‘Osmosis’, Psychology; ‘Transference’. ]

The language [HX], however, succeeds in being a viable platform for artificial intelligence and other chemical engineering processes because it describes the universally identical and tautologically true process upon which perceptions of objects and their transactions are based.

The basic transaction of A to B through C can be modeled by a simple mathematical truth table and one syllogism supplied by Leibnitz, without recourse to the arbitrary.

The truth is that simple molecular behavior derives complex self regulating processes at all scales.

Complex chemical molecules laid out in [T] schematics and context and environmentally orientated substances, structures, tools and objectives will provide the basis for autonomous decision making in the robot.

From the chaos of simple but high volume chemical transactions, sophisticated constructs are seen to emerge. In this next example, Kauffman, S illustrates a refutation of the second law of thermodynamics by demonstrating how sophisticated processes emerge from simples.

In human biology this is also the computation of thought processes, and by analogy, the robot mind in [AVOS].

By subtracting what we can describe as the results of chemical determinism from any such computational process, we can clearly see the intercession of soul and its innate qualities.

Kauffman, S in his work on a computer-based auto-catalytic network comprising of 15 polymer species demonstrated that in a chaotic soup of precursors, ‘certain chemicals had a catalyzing effect on the production of other new chemicals. From [Levy S, 1993].

With time, after each interaction phase, different species emerged and tested their catalyzing ability on other reactions. As the number of successful combinations accumulated, the percentage of catalyzed reactions increased. At a certain point – a phase transition occurred within the chaos sets where suddenly critical mass was achieved, and, in a subset of new chemicals, every polymer had its formation catalyzed by some other polymer in the subset. From then on, the formation of polymer species was no longer a hit-and-miss operation but a metabolizing function of the system at large. You had, in effect, a living ‘autocatalytic’ system. i.e. self-regulation. [adapted from Levy S, ‘Artificial Life’ pub Penguin. 1993 ISBN 0-14-023105-6].

The Language [HX] is here used to describe in a declarative way a universal model for such a self-regulating system. The symbols in the transaction model can be nested to varying degrees of complexity by re-iterations of the same transaction model to account for the diversity of empirical transactions within the objects.

Objects at all scales of magnitude and relative importance and from all domains are measured to an empirical scale of Standard Industrial Units, or S.I. units.

The other important factor within this General Systems Theory is the second part of the model, also written in [HX] that accounts for the transitional phases of self-regulating behavior observable in natural systems. e.g. those aspects that account for natural growth, decay, and system adaptation at measurements both above and below the known structural tolerances within the systems’ components.

The universal process of A to B through a common C allows for Octal Logic as the validity of that transaction can be modeled with eight binary states. This and a meta-language of such transactions becomes the Language [T].

The limited and closed set of transactions modeled within the language [T], also allows for a safe use of intermediate or modal states within the [T] framework, later described as the language [A].

They will be defined later in this treatise.

There is a basic logic of association that can be used to model and compile interactions between simples. It is called a syllogism and will be described below.

In Chemistry, simples or atoms interact by Fajan's Rules i.e. that energy is donated from a molecule with high energy to a molecule of lower energy across a common medium.

Fajans’ Rules for transaction of atoms in the periodic table of chemistry can be modeled by [T].

i.e. Big Atomic Donor, A, donates electrons to Small Atomic Recipient, B, through a common medium, C and often in the chaotic natural world with the intercession of at least some common D. [This is the language [A]]

Computational aspects of Fajan’s Rules will be described using tautological truth tables supplied by Leibnitz.

The behavior of Industrial materials, therefore can be modeled at any scale of application using this simple transaction model in such domains, as; physics, chemistry, biology and the psychology of information.

Within the impurities that govern and impede such transactions the route of conductivity can be ultimately accounted for with reference to the tautological truth table devised by Leibnitz.

Leibnitz also supplied four syllogistic figures, explained below, but three of those contained the same type of error that made redundant, in my opinion, half of the rules of Boolean Logic supplied by George Boole in 1847 C.E. [i.e. the rules of; sum, product and absorption]

Namely, the error that the arbitrary diversity of; combination and recombination of symbols when introduced, and if scaled up to more sophisticated approaches to the self and world and the world of circuit board design would cause confusion and distortion in both psychology and materials.

As in Boole, Leibnitz, if also simplified would produce a reasonable and non-arbitrary model possessing tautological truth.

Boole’s Rules will be re-evaluated later such that three are discarded and three kept.

Leibnitz’s four syllogistic figures are given below, but for the purposes of the AVOS System and Tripartite Relativity, [T], [A], [HX], [TREES] etc there can be only one [generic] that is useful.

FIGURE 1 2 3 4

MAJOR PREMISE M P P M M P P M

MINOR PREMISE S M S M M S M S

CONCLUSION S P S P S P S P

[T] looks at a generic physical transaction within the objects of relativity that have been arbitrarily named and labeled; M, S, P. In the figure above, there is only one transaction modeled in terms of [T].

Although Leibnitz tackled the chaos of syllogistic theory as early as in his student thesis ‘On the Art of Combinations’ [c.a. 1840], the 256 ‘moods’ predicated by the use of arbitrary arrangements of symbols in the figure above was a departure from ‘a priori’ mathematical reason into the world of after the fact and irrational events – or the ‘a posteriori’.

In this treatise and in the [TRE] system in general, only one essential generic syllogistic form is necessary and sufficient. [It can be any one of the above four !].

Such logic however is useless without the application of a context. Any [T] android will be operational by virtue of its total sensitivity to and integration with its context.

Much of the mathematical discussions of the 19^th Century never found their resolution amongst 20th century research and development.

Frege had perceived that taking a context-sensitive approach to syntax was important.

Wright, C in his Scots Philosophical Monograph number 2, commenting on the context sensitive ontological approach to numbers and perception by Frege, in his ‘Grundlagen der Arithmetik’ of 1884, illustrates that the holistic approach of [TRE] and [HX] is not a new debate within the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science.

However, the creation of ‘Essential Numbering’ within the holistic relativity of Andrew Hennessey in 1991 C.E. subsequently superceded the older debate.

A limited number of [T] simple numbers derived from transaction descriptions could then describe an infinity of transactions.

According to Wright;

‘The key epistemological issue will be not: how can we get into cognitive relations with the objects which constitute the subject matter of number-theory, but: how can we get into cognitive relations with the states of affairs that make for the truth of number-theoretic statements.’

Tripartite Essentialism, Hennessey, A. 1991,6,8 rev3 - answered both those questions with the ‘essential numbering’ of events, as transactions from some A to some B through some C. [with the intercession of some D]

[TRE] and its ‘essential numbers’ refers to a closed and limited set of Events in the Universe between an infinite amount of objects across a common medium of relativity in any given context from time 1 to time 2.

As the ‘events’ of [T] are always objects at some time 1, in a relativistic transaction agreed closed at time 2, attempting to classify [T] in traditional logicist terms may introduce confusion.

For [T] serves the function of both an ‘object language and a meta language’ and is also not halted by the ongoing debate of ‘sign to thing signified’ that invested itself in the philosophy of arbitrary labeling.

[T], therefore, is a synthesis of the ‘a priori’ mathematical truth and tautology within basic microcosmic and macrocosmic relativity, i.e.

a synthesis comprised of state descriptions observed within and between objects operating universal laws. The transactions of [T] are; Some A to some B through some C, with a generic description of the integrity and performance of the structural ontology, both, within the object and within its given context between time 1 and time 2.

The failure of A.I.

By using known, universal processes inherent within every object within every system and within and between every scale, [T] takes a step beyond where artificial intelligence had stopped in the late 20^th Century.

The lack of interdisciplinary discourse within science combined with the ontology of reductionism, failed to derive a universal ‘generalization strategy’ that would have identified common ground for artificial intelligence research.

Tripartite Essentialism, [T], however, can be described in terms of a generalization method that Universally works.

Generalization is defined by Smith, R, ‘facts on file dictionary of A.I. pub. 1989, ISBN. 0-8160-1595-3, as ‘ a natural reasoning process for humans that is difficult to implement in a computer program. The human capability to perform generalizations and abstractions may be fundamental to human learning processes, yet generalization has not become a useful technique in A.I. as yet. For an example of generalization, suppose one knows that sparrows have wings, that eagles have wings, eventually one will believe that all birds have wings.'

The failure to use generalization as a strategy was excusable in Frege’s notions of ‘saturation’ of context perhaps because of lack of published empiricism but perhaps also in the 20^th publications, a surplus of data made the nature of reality as equally unrealistic.

For example, resorting to the empirical descriptions of the process of flight and the reality of the biology required to achieve it would have enabled not only birds to be encoded as algorithms but also have identified other forms of locomotion in biology that do not use the air.

The size to mass ratio required for flight at standard gravity and atmospheric pressure plus a description of the operational physics of the main transit mechanism or wings, may also be applicable to the motility of deep sea fish e.g. manta rays.

[T] and the Tripartite Relativity model can overcome the main stumbling blocks to autonomous robotics that were created by use of the ‘after-the-fact or a posteriori’ world of labels.

The advances demonstrated here include; a new digital network concept that supercedes the neural nets currently in use, a machine code that is simultaneously an assembly language, process descriptions and systems theory, and a modular model of complex systems that can deliver autonomous function beyond the paradoxes of Turing’s Recursion and Goedel’s numbering.

The precepts of [AVOS].

The industrial context of empiricism will gather test data on all sorts of physical processes.

e.g. 1 The Encyclopedias of; Chemical Technology, Kirk, Othmer, Chemical processing and Design, McKetta ed.,

e.g. 2 The Machine Design Data Handbook, Lingaiah

e.g. 3 IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms

In developing components and processes to exploit the world of objects their; stresses, and tolerances, their changes of state, their conductivity, their emissions, their valence, etc, data pertinent to the context in which such objects of society should be deployed at the design stage.

Indifferent of scale, but perhaps not indifferent to costs, industrial capacity has the science to build complex objects utilizing and manipulating basic atomic structures.

Such microcosmic atomic engineering is called ‘nanotechnology’ after the scaling of measurement called manometers.

Interactivity between atoms can be accounted for by Fajans’ rules, where, as in physics, the concept of discharge between two points on a constant wire – the Volt, flows between the point of higher electrical potential to the point of lower potential. This voltaic concept of osmosis can be found in biology, where ions of high concentrations flow to places of lower concentrations across a common medium – in this case – a semi-permeable membrane.

This physical and empirically established fact can be modeled in Boolean logic as a three-part state description of the relativity between two points across a common medium. [e.g. some A to some B through some C]. A statement of the continuity of structural integrity of the process at time t1 and also time t 2.

These can be represented as; A or notA, B or notB, C or notC at time1, plus; A or notA, B or notB, C or notC at time2. The presence or absence of structural integrity between these states in the process of relativity can be described as 1 or 0. Combined, time1 and time2 together - the delta T picture produces a closed set of 64 state descriptions – the language [T]. These 64 states are denoted as the ‘essential numbers’ of [T].

These ideas can be Logically modeled using conventional ‘Logic gates’ in the design of circuit boards and are a part of the Octal arithmetic used by Boole in the traditional Boolean circuit designs.

In current industrial designs of electrical technology, there are additional levels of sophistication added into the decision making process using such rules that can infer no rational outcome.

Beyond the basic logic switch circuits called;

1. the AND GATE

2. the OR GATE

3. the INVERT GATE or NOT GATE

4. the NAND GATE

5. the NOR GATE

are the compilation stages of every electrical design process.

The compilation stage uses 3 rules of ‘Boolean Logic’ that are falsifiable and can be contradicted in many different contexts and applications.

These rules do not satisfy the criteria for being Logically sound in terms of [T]. I assert that empirical research on current components and designs may prove them more wrong than that.

[T] predicts, however, that problems arise when large numbers of Logic gates are being compiled in highly complex electrical engineering projects. The IEEE dictionary edn. 4. lists many types of electrical distortion but defines distortion as an undesired change in waveform in terms of;

a. a non-linear relation between input and output at a given frequency.

b. A non-uniform transmission across different frequencies.

c. A phase shift not proportional to the frequencies etc.

Without recourse to speculation on the empirical aspects of current electrical engineering performance, it is possible to illustrate big problems in using some Boolean calculus of classes to compile logic circuits.

It then becomes possible to identify that certain of the Boolean laws are currently in use in by reference to the Electronics Engineers Handbook edn. 3. Fink & Christiansen Eds. 1989 and, the main material of the faculty of Actuaries in their studies on insurance and viability of social infrastructure.

However, although, the Boolean calculus of classes is used and referred to, only the following laws are deemed adequate to construct future associations within the logic modeling – they being in line with a picture of rational equivalence within the symbolism in use herein.

The Boolean laws assumed true for [T] are :

1. Commutative Laws A + B = B + A,

A.B = B.A

2. Associative Laws (A+B)+C = A + (B+C)

(A.B).C = A.(B.C)

3. Distributive Laws A.(B+C) = A.B + A.C

A + (B.C) = (A+B).(A+C)

These ideas depicted by the algebra above demonstrate non-arbitrary; additions, associations and shifting of permutations of classes that do not impose abstract processes onto real world objects. Nor do these processes, unlike the other Boolean rules of; sum, product and absorption, suffer from generalization problems.

The three good rules could be successfully used and employed at a supermarket it being a matter of store policy or agreement what objects could go on what shelves.

The sum rule of Boole, however, that A + A = A would not pass muster with the checkout operator unless A was on special offer.

Taken to the level of circuit board design though, it could be said that although logic gates are logical, as are supermarket checkouts, problems such as attempting to use those Boolean tactics at the checkouts could cause a lot of loading on the Staff at busy times.

The process of A to B through C when compiled by Boolean Rules generates various arbitrary consequences, and they can be described by a series of ‘three variable Karnaugh Maps’ or topically, ‘three variable maps’. These have many different outcomes designated as true or valid.

Within current Electrical Engineering, the rules of Boolean algebra identified below as irrational in the [T] strategies, are still currently in use to contribute to large scale electrical engineering projects and processes.

This strategy as defined by; Fink, D and Christiansen, D , ‘Electronics Engineers Handbook’ edn. 3, pub McGraw-Hill, 1989, NY, St Louis,

ISBN 0-07-020982-0. As a ‘Minimum-Complexity Combinational Network’, (page 72) .. ‘ The important design aim of reducing network complexity usually leads to lower cost and greater ease of construction (3-51)

‘Minimum complexity may have several meanings, some of which are in opposition. A minimally complex network may be defined as having:

1. A minimum number of gate elements.

2. Some of the set of gate elements in a set of.

3. Fewest number of inter-connections.

4. Wired with fewest numbers of cross overs on the circuit board.

5. Minimum total compilation cost.

6. Easy to maintain and repair.

7. Highest speed of operation

8. Highest reliability.

In section 3-52 of this book the logic circuits in a project are minimized by Karnaugh Mapping using two basic laws of Boolean algebra,

a. X + notXY = X + Y, which I here deem false.

b. XY + notXY = Y, which I here deem false.

Both of these assertions are predicated by the idea that whilst Y is both visible and identifiable, some other process not identifiable within the assumption that is not X, a third aspect called not X is different from being either X or Y. Cutting down to basics, the two equations read therefore ..

a. X + ZY = X + Y

b. XY + ZY = Y

Both of these ideas are used to ‘minimize complexity’ when cutting corners on complex electrical engineering design.

This causes problems that create both real and tenuous relationships amongst the circuits. These states are denoted, 1, 0 or D states and add up in the electronics industry as large amounts of tenuous blocks of 1’s and the occasional and singular D which denotes the only logically real path for the circuit. e.g. (3-53)

These ‘sums of product’, ‘standard sums’ or ‘minterm canonical forms’ help simplify ‘quite unwieldy large networks’ (3-51).

‘When a Karnaugh map is used to find a minimal representation, one tries to combine adjacent 1-squares into larger groups. Each group that can be made which is not properly contained in a larger group is a graphical example of a prime implicant – and compiled on the Karnaugh truth tables. (page 74, 3-51)

An example of a [T] false Karnaugh ‘truth table’ where lots of 1’s should really be adding up to lots of zeros. In this process, the one logically valid process is labeled as per (3-53) as ‘d’ in the compilation results column labeled ‘F’.

E.G. 1, 4-VARIABLE KARNAUGH MAP.

Gate A B C D F

01. 0 0 0 0 1

02. 0 0 0 1 1

03 0 0 1 0 0

04. 0 0 1 1 0

05. 0 1 0 0 0

06. 0 1 0 1 0

07. 0 1 1 0 1

08. 0 1 1 1 0

09. 1 0 0 0 1

10. 1 0 0 1 1

11. 1 0 1 0 1

12. 1 0 1 1 1

13. 1 1 0 0 1

14. 1 1 0 1 1

15. 1 1 1 0 1

16. 1 1 1 1 d

In this table from Fink and Christiansen, 1989, (3-53) various blocks of ones would be deemed to add up to viability.

Whereas row 1 could be deemed a logic gate called a ‘nor gate or invert gate’ in circuit design, it would be the ‘d’ in row 16 that defined a true relationship within that complex. If row 1 and row 16 were used concurrently, though, 14 out of the 16 selections for that electrical engineering project would be considered logically ‘unreal’ for the purposes of the [AVOS] project and [T] relativity.

Logically True Consequence.

In line with this mathematical modeling, truth tables such as a three-variable Boolean table called the ‘three variable[T] Map’ can be used to describe the progress of connectivity between any two atomic points in a crystal. In this case however, it only has one logically true consequence about connectivity within and between the relativity of two points through a common medium. It is one unbroken line of logically real integrity in the relationship – independent of the consequences of arbitrary labels and assignments in an ‘a posteriori’ world of assumptions. That the electrovalent crystal conducts and does output is in fact ‘a priori’ true. It is not made uncertain by the assignment of labels that have been previously made within sum rules, product rules and absorption rules within a three variable Karnaugh Map.

The three variable Karnaugh map, however, currently at the heart of Boolean logic and indeed circuitry within electrical engineering concepts is only tenuously correct and approximate and introduces massive amounts of inefficiency into any circuit through the use of the rules of sum, product, and absorption.

These rules: (1. sum, 2. Product, 3. Absorption) are re-described as follows in terms of a common example from the world of social and empirical objects as produced by the world of electricity and circuit diagrams.

The electrical industry may wish to think of one-litre cans of black and white paint and their presence or absence of full strength colours.

A litre can of paint is an analogy for a Standard Industrial Unit of some energy packet. Mixing paint e.g. a one litre can of black plus a one litre can of white will result in two one-litre cans of grey paint. In terms of full strength colour being representative of the presence or absence of voltage, and using the Boolean laws of; Sum, Product and Absorption,

it can be discerned that the results with very few exceptions are not black and white.

Such rules create problems that if re-iterated over a massive electrical project could lead to distortion effects within the electrical hardware from component overloading and failure with time.

The meta-language that I supply, paraphrases the use of these rules in the Karnaugh Maps at the heart of electrical engineering and circuit design. The descriptions are supplied below as analogies of the statements being made.

The rules of;

1. Sum, 2. Product, 3. Absorption,

are deemed insufficiently realistic for use in [AVOS] or [T] projects.

1. Sum Rules

Sa. A + 0 = A [which I deem correct]

Sb. A + 1 = 1 [which I deem false]

Sc. A + A = A [which I deem false]

Sd. A + notA = 1 [which I deem false]

Sum Rules paraphrased examples:

Sa. White paint can plus nothing is a can of white paint (a rule that I deem true).

Sb. White paint in a can added to absolutely anything else in the Universe, is always necessary for everything else in the universe that we know or can think of to continue operating (a rule that I deem false).

Sc. White paint can plus another identical can now equals one can of paint (a rule that I deem false).

Sd. White paint can missing enables the job of any and every painting with a can of white paint to be done. (a rule that I deem false and contradictory).

2. Product Rules

Pa. A.0 = 0 [which I deem arbitrary]

Pb. A.1 = A [which I deem true]

Pc. A.A = A [which I deem false]

Pd. A.notA = 1 [which I deem arbitrary]

Product Rules paraphrased examples:

Pa. White paint can goes nowhere and can never leave anywhere for any reason or agreement. (a rule that I deem arbitrary and circumstantial).

PBS. White paint consignment, can A, applied to one job is a job painted white. (a rule that I deem true.).

Pc. White paint poured into a full can of white paint, whether a millilitre or metric tonne fits into the same tin. (a rule that I deem false.).

Pd. White paint, when mixed with absolutely anything in the universe that is not white paint is useful for a paint job. (a rule that I deem arbitrary)

3. Absorption Rules

Aa. A + A.B = A [which I deem false]

Ab. A.(A + B) = A [which I deem false]

Ac. A + notA.B = A +B [which I deem false]

Absorption Rules paraphrased examples:

Aa. Absolutely White paint plus white and black paint is equal to absolutely white paint. (a rule that I deem false.)

Ab. Absolutely White paint plus white paint plus black paint is equal to absolutely white paint. (a rule that I deem false.)

Ac. White paint plus (yellow paint (or absolutely anything else in the universe)) plus black paint is equal to the sum of black and white paint.

(a rule that I deem refuted as the minimum error in this example results in an outcome that is coloured green. Green is obtained from a mixture of black, yellow and white. In this example the logic dictates that a grey result is obtained. Green occupies markedly different positions within the optical spectrum than ‘grey’ for example. )

These three rule sets become dependent on assumptions based in ‘a posteriori’ classifications and produce contradictions and combinations of classifications that assume false universal properties and proportions about the ‘a posteriori’ after the fact world of objects.

The statements of absolute equivalence where A = A after some operation of addition, augmentation or detraction are False.

There are, however, flaws in De Morgan’s Laws and the Karnaugh mapping process and these flaws create haphazard loading on circuits and processing because they use e.g. the rules of absorption, refuted above.

'De Morgan's Laws may be used to simplify not-functions having two or more elements.

For example: A= 2, notA= -2, B= 3, notB= -3, C= 4, notC= -4,

The Laws state that: the sum of notA +notB is equal to the product of notA times notB:

i.e. -2 + -3 =(- 5) is equal to the product -2 X -3 = (- 6)

notnotA x notB = notnotA +notB, =A +notB(since notnotA=A)

-6 = -1 = -1 This is False.

Applying de Morgan's Law to the second term gives:

notnotA + notB = notnotA x notB = A x notB

-1 = -6 = -6 This is False.

Thus,notnotA x notB plus notnotA +notB = A+notB plus A x notB

-6 + -1 = -1 + -6

Removing the bracket and re-ordering gives:

A + A times notB + notB

2 + -6 + -3 = - 7 This is True.

But, by rule 15 the Boolean Rule of Absorption

i.e. A + A times B = A

2 + 6 = 2 This is False.

It follows that: A + A times notB = A

2 + -6 = 2 This is False.

Thus: notnotA times notB plus notnotA + notB = A + notB

i.e. -6 + -1 = -1 False.

The algebraic 'truth' and 'law' in the real world, is nonsense (into which the values and time were inserted by the editor of this work) was written for the Business and Technical Education Council, the Scottish Technical Education Council, Australian Technical and Further Education Departments, East and West African Examinations Council by authors Mr Bird and Mr May who reside in a technical college in Portsmouth and who thank Mrs Wooley for her typing.

Mathematics 3, pages 90-91, published by Heinemann, London, 1986, ISBN 0-434-90149-0. The standard mathematical and electrical engineering texts at the Heriot Watt University in Edinburgh, however, recount no differently in their descriptions of mathematical absurdity within: Karnaugh Mapping, Boolean 'Logic' and De Morgan's Laws.

In a three-variable equation for circuit compilation by De Morgan's Rules, however in Mathematics3, the conclusion was:

((notA x notnotB) + notC) x (notA + (notB x notnotC) = notA x (B+C)

- 10 x -14 = -14

Which puts the distortion within the figures that use these three variables in this process out by a magnitude of ten.

Neither College or University textbook [Fink D & Christiansen D, eds. 'Electronic Engineers Handbook, edn.3, pub. 1989, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-020982-0] illustrate a greater grasp of arithmetical judgement.

from page 35, section 2-27, in a rule called Idempotency

which is given as:

A + A = A times A = A : distortion in bigger projects is going to accrue.

1 + 1 = 1 x 1 = 1 this adds up to : 2 = 1 = 1

2 + 2 = 2 x 2 = 2 this adds up to : 4 = 4 = 2

3 + 3 = 3 x 3 = 3 this adds up to : 6 = 9 = 3

4 + 4 = 4 x 4 = 4 this adds up to : 8 = 16 = 4

The same University electrical engineers pub. New York, Missouri, textbook 2-27 describes the equation in (logical calculus) for 'Consistency' as;

A + B = B, If and only If A times B = A

1 + 2 = 2, if and only if 1 times 2 = 1

There does appear to be a lack of consistency in the arithmetic there also, but even if A and B were both defined as equivalent at 1 as real numbers, or as negative numbers - integers, the magic of Boole's Rules of Absorption, Sum and Product do not magic away the accountable values of A or notA or B and notB etc in a big project. The energies, therefore, although undesirable in some cases - do not disappear.

The IEEE's Standard Dictionary of 'Electrical Engineering and Technical Terms', edn.4, pub. 08/07/88, New York, p.280-281. recounts many descriptions of unaccountable circuit overload and distortion.

Also, page 72 of the Electronic Engineers Handbook section 3-52. describes rules for the minimization of complexity within the addition and subtraction of massive circuitry projects.

where, X = 2, notX = - 2, Y = 3

(i) X + notX times Y = X + Y : 2 + - 6 = 5

(ii) XY + notX times Y = Y : 6 + - 6 = 3 secn.(3-49)

In these circuits above - as currently compiled in the electrical engineering industry - the numbers and also the energies within the circuit do not add up. Although it is alleged and assumed in electrical engineering that numerous negative commodities when added and compiled within the context of the circuit result in zero accountancy - such negative sums are always in relation to the positive accountancy within the circuitry.

Below is an example of absolutely unaccountable relativity within the energy relationships produced by a three-variable Karnaugh Map. It is called a Truth table.

Neither Absolute Zero or Absolute Positive add up to any sum whatsoever, and after Boole's Law's and De Morgan's Rules are applied, there are a great deal of unaccountable energies loose within a circuit thus compiled.

Degrees of functionality of components, therefore, are dependent on the consistency of the material tolerances and of the upper limits of the loading and other aspects of the circuit environment.

Below is an 'irrational truth table' that is not 'logically real' as no absolute has a positive outcome.

example of 'unreal' truth table. ( 3 variable.)

ABC OUTPUT(Z) BOOLEAN EXPRESSION

000 0 notA and notB and notC = 0

001 1 notA and notB and C = 1

010 0 notA and B and notC = 0

011 1 notA and B and C = 1

100 0 A and notB and notC = 0

101 0 A and notB and C = 0

110 1 A and B and notC = 1

111 0 A and B and C = 0

Most of 20th Century Science incorporated 'unreal' paradoxes into its failed doctrines as a matter of course. That is why 20th Century Science failed to surpass the Physics of the 19th Century and involved itself in meta-theorems. It may be said, however, that the ideation of Descartes' ideas about simples and the practice of reduction were not applied rightly in the realms of 20th Century empiricism when Popper re-published and augmented these ideas in 1963 CE.

The relativity between object and world much described and prosecuted within traditional epistemology and the psychiatric system did not get the same degrees of attention in the worlds of science.

Detailed descriptions of the object as reduced to its basic components, as produced by increasingly more sophisticated equipment were never followed by the placement of its relativity within its physical context.

This would have facilitated better modeling and industrial growth.

Object descriptions and the observation of increasingly sophisticated scientific relationships and incorporations within and between the objects' physical context produced a swathe of irrationalism and neologism as the detail within the observations increased.

If the scientific giants of the 19th Century such as; Hooper, Kelvin, Boyle, Michelson and Morley had been further built on by redeveloping their theories, the schismatic science of the 20th Century would not have wasted so many colourful rainforests.

Thus, for example, the theories of Max Planck became Dogma.

A new universal knowledge representation system is presented here called Tripartite Essentialism [T].

The physical theory of language [T]: can be used to orientate object, activity and observed qualities with time.

Three-ness, applicable not only to knowledge representation, but as a physical theory can organize and model knowledge about physical, empirical and semantic systems and the way they relate in such a way that that data and models can become interchangeable between domains: -

So-called ‘isomorphism between domains’.

This is a mechanism needed by any autonomous and executive robot or artificial life such that it can react to changes within its changing context.

The problem that prevented robotics from succeeding was that without a good general systems theory, domain specific robots could only relate to specific libraries of labels.

Although Logicism assumed that although it could never be complete and therefore completely logical [Gödel] - it had absolutely nothing to inform the evolving scientific descriptors with - as these descriptors were both 'a posteriori' and arbitrary.

20^th Century Robotics, therefore, halted at the infinity of labels observed by Turing.

The new [T] system [Hennessey A, 1991-1999], generates limited closed sets - and can also end the problems in artificial intelligence caused by recursion. [c.f. Turing problem]

The system can further enable meaning/semantics etc to be attached to rational numerical processes within octal [Boolean] arithmetic thus enabling an entirely new kind of operating platform for Intelligence and thus reduce the hardware and software burden for a fully autonomous, compact robot or other industrial process.

The system presented here has uses in data mining and warehousing.

e.g. A NEW KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION SYSTEM FOR

DATA WAREHOUSING THAT USES EMPIRICAL RELATIVITY BETWEEN CLASSES OF OBJECTS.

The proposed 3-part model can be Universally applicable in scope to every and any domain of information in any specified empirical context.

It represents an object as a system within a context.

It breaks down objects within any domain [of known context] into a 'tripartite atom' or [TA] of 3 component categories: 'macro', 'meso', 'micro'.

It looks at how the components of each object function within a context of Logic modeling and a general systems theory. [T]

[T] relates and defines all transactions that relate to one another as having a relationship between two points through a common medium.

It also labels every object and domain and label as a system with a very specific empirical measurement or key that relates it to a relative scale of ergonomic transaction measured in the SI scale of scientific units of measure.

HOW THE THREE PART APPROACH TO DATA WORKS –

Every object or unit is treated as being within a system ['holism']. This system and its interactivity with its context is presented later in this paper as a model in the synthetic logical language [H], that incorporates aspects of; Sentential calculus [L] and the logical language [P], the Predicate calculus.

Tripartite Essentialism defines the internal process within each object and also the process between the object and its external context as a logical system and makes insignificant the need for scale and labels within this kind of computational modeling.

The best empirical justification for this approach would be to refer to the world of atomic chemistry where approximately 115 element classifications give or take another 20 etc can at present account for all the objects in our known universe. This is a set of atoms with observable limitations and therefore illustrates the potential within the physical sciences for modeling transactions around these kinds of functions.

Within Atomic Chemistry, Fajans’s rules model the relativity of transactions between two points through a common medium.

The perceived problem with such an idea is an issue of scaling for the transactions within and between more complicated and massive systems and objects. However the basic process of energy flowing from a place of higher potential to a place of lower potential occurs at all levels of scale. [e.g. Ohm J, Osmosis, Lewin K, Köhler W, Kepler, Hooper W ]

Before the interactions and issues of scale could be addressed, it was necessary to create a process description of one typical exchange such that it could be endlessly refined by higher and higher detail, if necessary.

The issue of modeling, therefore had to be addressed in terms of creating an input-process-output model – an IPO box called the ‘Universal Process Model, [UPM]’, and also a model of the interstitial process between levels of IPO box aggregates called the ‘Scaling Process Model, [SPM].

These logic system models written in [H] calculus could therefore be allocated empirical values that would model the behavior of objects within their unique subject areas or domains. E.g. biology, cosmology, chemistry, intelligence etc.

This treatise will create an entirely new type of knowledge representation that keys all empirical knowledge about objects and labels to the processes of exchange both within and between them using empirical values to identify; gradients and rates of interaction, combinations and re-combinations, relocation and stasis, acquisition and loss. etc

It would be found that transactions of similar ontology and morphology occur in other domains at other magnitudes of scale, labeled differently but delineating and incorporating the same laws of material interactivity.

Mapping between domain libraries will enable and produce two kinds of benefit for robotic systems that are derived form a union of two different approaches to the data.

1. the morphological approach - where shape and form can be deduced by pattern recognition [currently in use]

2. the ontological approach - a new idea where a model of a state descriptions of the processes involved in the observed form can also be deduced.

This treatise will seek to outline the new ontological approach to recognition with reference to two examples that describe the ontology of the transactions within these two models.

1. Biological. The rhesus macaques sp.

2. Cybernetic. Artificial life form.

The cybernetic organism however will include a process description that does not use neural nets – a common biological analogy that attempted to produce intelligent artificial life. Instead, it will use and explain a new system by Hennessey [2004] called a ‘Digital Net’.

Context Criteria for Cybernetic Function.

The generation of data for these systems as modeled will be deduced, by social agreements of what comprises the; ratios, aggregates of atoms and molecules, atomic masses and scales within each system and its context. This can be assayed by e.g. dry weights, mass spectroscopy results and other technical and industrial measurements annotated by the SI system. etc.

The 'in vivo' systems being modeled have zones where these ratios and aggregates of their molecules are markedly different, and another model links the transactions between these zones.

These models are of the basic tuple form 'input-process-output'

Nesting and embedding of these input-process-output boxes [IPO boxes] within the symbols of the logic mechanism to the desired degree of detail will model the complexity of transactions within the robot system itself as measured and made relevant by agreements on its empirical context and parameters.

Such inorganic complexity will tend to self-regulate in terms of its context.

Self-regulating Complexity in Biological Chaos has been described variously. e.g. by Langton C 'Swarm Model', Santa Fe Institute, and also by Kauffman S.

Kauffman S, in Levy, S 1993, ‘Autocatalytic sets of proteins’ Journal of theoretical biology 119 (1986): 1-24, writes [paraphrased] … ‘ … a computer-based autocatalytic network consisting of 15 species. The network begins with the [input of] artificial monomers. As the monomers combine with each other and with the results of these combinations to form polymers .. certain polymers then participate harmlessly in and facilitate by catalysis … the emergence of new polymer species from an unrelated stew of millions of possible polymer species, a limited reaction network self-organises from the chaos and forms a kind of metabolism …’

All the basic inorganic ingredients of chaos within cybernetic consciousness have a rational and logical model.

The logical constructs that follow from these relativistic transactions between [IPO boxes] - always produce a closed and limited set of real numbers and events called ‘essential numbers’.

i.e.

(Two points through a common medium at time 1 or up to time 2 by agreement, (and 'in vivo' - natural 'fuzzy' systems, via the intercession of (at least a common D))).

These transaction numbers fully account for the integrity or lack of, of relativistic constructs within and between scales of relativity. The language [T], however can be expanded to incorporate undecidable modal state descriptions and these too, produce a limited, closed and finite set of numbers called the language [A].

Language [T] produces 8 atomic events at time1 that can change to any other of the eight states at time2. Thus effectively squaring the number of tripartite atoms in the time1 [T] essential number set to 64. The eight state descriptors at time1 then have change of state descriptions at time2. The language [A] with only one modality (D) produces 27 modal state descriptions at time 1 that square up to 729 change of state descriptions at time 2 that fully and completely describe every aspect of systemic integrity and relativity.

In terms of 1, 0 or 2, the integrity of any transaction at any scale between and within any object at any scale can be denoted;

1, a point of integrity,

0 , a point of disintegrity,

2 , a temporally and empirically undecided state between time1 and time2.

e.g.

Essential numbers [e] for T and dT, and A and dA.

[T (1-8)], [A (1-27)], [deltaT (1,2,3 … 64)], [deltaA (1,2,3 … 729]

The process models for the general systems theory that incorporates an input-process-output box and also the scalar links to the context will be described in a declarative language that will be assembled from other logical languages e.g. [A], [T], [L], [P]: this new language is called [HX].

The mathematical operators in use for the calculus [H] are comprised from a limited selection of simple operations compiled from;

The calculus of classes.

The propositional calculus.

The predicate calculus.

However, those selected were chosen to facilitate and represent the behavior of ‘a priori’ physical knowledge, and do not involve the proposition of assumptions that depend on ‘a posteriori’ or after the fact empiricism.

The Language [HX].

The language [HX] describes every transaction and every system in the Cosmos, whether microcosm or macrocosm.

It can be used to identify and describe the emergence of complex processes such as thought or molecules or stars.

It can also be used to direct the assembly of simples such as atoms and molecules to achieve a controlled and complex outcome.

Its operands written in the alphanumeric keyboard font set and called the ‘Process Operands’ [HX] are:

01. Unconditional Declarations e.g. If M then P1 where M and P and 1 are the alphanumeric Microsoft Western fontset utilising previously known data and previously agreed rules.

02. £ If M then not Q where not is £. i.e., £Q is not Q

03. >> IF M, then it follows that P1 is always predicated, i.e. M >> P1.

04. >= greater than or equal to

05. > greater than

07. <= less than or equal to

08. < less than

09. V or

10. IF if (always means IF and only IF)

11. + and

12. ( the start of a list of a cluster of arbitrarily labeled processes that have been measured and agreed to be part of

a closely interacting system that is an IPO Box.

13. ) the end of a list of a cluster of arbitrarily labeled processes that have been measured and agreed to be a part of a closely interacting system that is an IPO Box

14. @ All, the universal – absolutely all.

15. # some of.

16. = equals – is equivalent to by appearance but never absolutely.

17. & change in e.g. context or time delta t ( time 1 … time 2 )

18. [ X] square brackets enclose an acronym for a previously defined idea.

19. The set of Real numbers (1,2,3,4,5,……….n).

20. The English language letters upper and lower case consisting of (a,b,c,d, …z + A,B,C,D, …. Z) such that every letter can be considered to be a process called an IPO box and further instantiated with further IPO boxes if necessary. [Microsoft Western 'System OS fontset.']

21. $ is directly proportional to.

22. $$ is inversely proportional to.

23. % is a member of the set X

e.g. red (R) % X, where X = colours

R % X = R is a member of the set of X

24. +? positive transference gradient for specified system e.g. M, at time1, +?(M) such that large amounts of M will flow down a relative and common structural bridge to lower amounts of M in the system context.

25. -? negative transference gradient for specified system e.g. P at time1, -?(M) such that changing conditions at time2 have temporarily overwhelmed system activity rendering system bridging activity and feeding input inactive.

26. ? a condition for some transference opportunity that may emerge at an unspecified time, x. because of chaotic context behaviour.

27. ^ a specific temporal qualitative assumption for modeling that specifies at any given time the prevalent and highest values of atomic concentration within the current activity set.

It is needed as well as ? because of the interplay and exchange of similar aggregates within the modeling of the object AND the context.

It will denote and identify the potential for component relativity - either in the modeling of the object or its context. The material fact of physical and chemical intercession between similars absolutely always exists such that there is always a highest concentration of similar aggregate made relative to the lowest concentration of similar aggregate at a given time because of this intercession. i.e. ^Z >> ?Z, the conditions for relativity 'a priori' exist though may not at this time be active.

(with a social agreement on what is 'similar')

In holistic modeling, the Object and the Context have differing concentrations and differing priorities for the same compound. Thus by identifying where the highest concentrations are within the model - the relativity of exchange can be more easily tracked.

28. ~1X where ~1 identifies the macro ingredient X

29. ~2X where ~2 identifies the meso ingredient X

30. ~3X where ~3 identifies the micro ingredient X

31. [eT 01.. 64] or [eA 001.. 729] essential numbers e for [T] and [A]

32. t1, t2, t3, . etc where t = states relative interludes of observation

33. * where ~1X* and ~2X* identifies the same X in 2 etc. in continual contexts of e.g. object, environment, transference etc.

34. !X where transference velocity can be; !3 micro, !2 meso, !1 macro.

35. ¬X where conditions of over-sufficiency are being met for the emergence of a new copy or asset of X.

36. the feeding gradient [@f] for systemic (object) growth. [@g]

i.e. [@f] $ [@g] = [+?], a directly related persistent field.

37. the Macro toll gradient. [@t], energy for context self-defence. [@d]

i.e. [@t] $ [@d] = [+?], a directly related persistent field.

38. the system feeding gradient [@f] and the macro toll gradient [@t], however, are inversely proportional and directly competitive to the point of mutual exclusion. i.e. [@f] $$ [@t] = [+?]. (inverse power law).

39. English separators for associative listing 1. the comma (,) and 2. the fullstop (.) as end of list.

40. English semi-colon (;) allows for an antecedent bracketed listing of arbitrary labels and or external software sub-routines from social processes in various contexts such as object and domain libraries in the [T] & [TREES] isomorphic format e.g. [F; macro, meso, micro] or,

[F; noun, verb, adjective], or, [F; neutron, proton, electron], [F; object, process, measurement]. etc.

41. English inverted commas (" X) signify degrees of structural complexity - where "1 is simple, "2 is medial, and "3 is highly complex.

42. =:= Over-sufficiency, such that +?X, a positive transference gradient for the feeding of system X is of such persistent abundance as to facilitate the emergence of replication or higher degrees of complexity and emergent systemic behaviour.

43. //# Extraneous, unexpected, migratory, modal competition during ?, -?, +?

e.g. scales of: ~1//#X, ~2//#X, ~3//#X, and, X = (x1, x2, x3 ... xn.)

44. {G}X, {L}X : where {G} is a global context and {L} is a local context relative to some system X.

45. £$+ : the threshold level for systematic change and consistency in material proportions and behaviour.

46. %%X : where X is a general systemic organic process in which a matrix of osmotic processes of various relative transference velocities interact in various transactions of various scales and complexities.

47. =%%X : where X is a systemic process of empirically defined normative tolerances, attributes and values.

48. [SV] : shuttle value, where an organismic packet of defined ergonomic value (niche) is driven and empowered by large-scale changes of state and energy.

A framework model for complex transactions.

The information process model described by [H] will ultimately make use of the electro-physical properties and attributes of the domain that is being researched. The properties of Tripartite Essentialism [T] are such that process activities within and between objects in the physics and chemistry of the domains being researched can be analogized with existing knowledge in other domains. These measurements of various and different transactions and relationships in other domains are in fact identical. Similar objects in similar or even different contexts all have the same model in [T].

Similar energy transactions and distribution within and between systems through the mechanics of; gradients, combinations and recombinations amongst systems in many different domains, will produce new evaluation and performance strategies for existing domains and fill in the blanks in our existing knowledge elsewhere in more sparsely researched domains.

This idea is called isomorphism between domains.

Each system/object/unit in the following data model is given a physical measurement/Context – or list of measurements – which will denote its Scale/magnitude.

The physical measurements tie the performance of the object into similar performances given by other objects at other scales of magnitude to enable isomorphism between domains.

The Three Categories are : [always in relation to some physical context]

1.1. Macro. Its Physical Components - the reservoir of physical/atomic assets from which the [business] domain is derived [see examples to follow] 'the materials'.

1.2. Meso. The Structure, Mechanics and Infrastructure with which these Physical Components are organised and OPERATE represented [see examples to follow] 'the operational aspects of the manufactured vehicle'.

1.3. Micro. The Qualitative Aspects of the Business and its systems e.g. 'the difference between a Mercedes and a Lada.'

Further - this three part model also can be applied to, and operates within the philosophy of language where:

NOUN [Macro] depicts the physical components: 'object'

VERB [Meso] the energies of the infrastructure: 'process'

ADJECTIVE [Micro] the qualitative aspects of a system: 'qualitative attribute'

So not only is the semantic system embracing the empirical domain, but also the domain of language and the written/spoken word.

The following is an example of a simpler application within e-commerce and data mining – defining the Context e.g.

E - COMMERCE

3.0. THE CONTEXT of Business Operations and this software is Electronic Commerce:

So categories of information pertaining to: ISP's, Intranet, Extranet, Internet, LAN and WAN, International and Geographical Zones, language, platforms and other Protocols.

All matters listed by the small business pertaining to the modus operandii of its E-Commerce and the aspects of the systems it will use to trade with.

There follows 3 examples [31. – 3.3] of small business and their activity classified with this 3 part semantic system and its aspects called; Macro, Meso, Micro.

3.1. Arts - Music and Multi-Media

3.2 Industrial Manufacturing - Light Engineering

3.3 Service - Insurance

1.1 MACRO. THE PHYSICAL/ATOMIC COMPONENTS OF THESE BUSINESSES ARE AS FOLLOWS.

e.g. 3.1.- MACRO. fiddle, harp, keyboards, studio recording components, sound mixing facility, strings, CD/Tape duplicator, Minidisk, P.A. System, Transport, music stand, instrument case, tuner, lights, lighting desk, compressor, pre-amp, effects processor, microphones, stands, computer, software, peripherals etc.

e.g. 3.2 – MACRO. lathe, metals, cutter, sweeper, shop floor clothing, gear and boots, tools, bench, drill, workshop, first aid box, lighting, storeroom, drawing/stencil board and printer, oxy-acetylene torch, arc, welding gear, trolleys, coolant, polisher/buffer, chemical solutions etc.

e.g. 3.3 – MACRO. car, clothing, suit, PC, mobile phone, hard copy filing system, stationary, photocopier, Office, computer and network peripherals, petrol, audio-visual presentation kit, overhead projector, whiteboard, laptop and modem, office furniture, briefcase, clients, customers, leaflets, potential customers etc.

1.2 MESO. THE PRODUCT & MEDIA OF THESE BUSINESS 'SYTEMS' ARE AS FOLLOWS.

e.g. 3.1 MESO. - albums Celtic, albums rock, albums dance, albums story, multimedia books on CD on mysticism, hard copy tune books, logic audio recording software, concerts, performance and events supplied and tours done by company bands, new midi instruments invented, ambient and meditational video and audio’s, technical papers on new musical theories, interactive CD-ROM and multi-media package on Philosophy for Children, secure website for sale of soundfiles and other product.

e.g. MESO. - 3.2 - oil rig parts, ship parts, motor parts, alloy parts to industrial specifications, hard alloy, soft alloy parts, thermophilic alloy, civil infrastructure components turned by spec to order, trawler maintenance, car and lorry structural repair, ad hoc building and roof components designed and manufactured by consultation.

e.g. 3.3 MESO. - domestic surveys, commercial property surveys, domestic and commercial policies, PEP's, Equity Investment, stock brokerage, actuary and risk assessment, bank and investment portfolios, building society and investment house policies and procedure, capital returns for business and client,

Leaflets and advertising packages - multi-media, TV, radio, cinema, etc

1.3 MICRO. QUALITATIVE ASPECTS ADDS/ANGLES/DISTINCTIONS/DESCRIPTIONS

e.g. 3.1 MICRO. - Original music/ various and diverse idioms, original story, cutting edge web site, diverse - one stop catalogue, secure for E-commerce and credit card transactions, high quality international & high tech delivery company used

e.g. 3.2 MICRO. - parts to order, small runs - fast turnaround, good service and maintenance backup, high skill level, One-Off's, diverse projects, great experience

e.g. 3.3 MICRO. - proven track record on investment/stock portfolio, good payout and premium record, speedy and efficient processing of clients needs.